Reducing wind farm power variance from wind direction using wind farm layout optimization

This paper investigates reducing power variance caused by different wind directions using farm layout optimization. The problem was formulated as a multi-objective [Formula: see text] constraint method used to solve the bi-objective in two-step optimization framework where two sequential optimizations were performed. first maximizing mean alone and second minimizing with on power. results show that estimates can be greatly reduced, much text], without sacrificing plant for sizes conditions studied. reduction is attributed multi-modality of design space which allows unique solutions high variances due varying direction. Thus, farms designed maximize capture greater confidence.